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Collegiate Church of San Gimignano
The Collegiate Church of Santa Maria Assunta, San Gimignano is a Roman Catholic collegiate church and minor basilica〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.gcatholic.org/churches/italy/0522.htm )〕 located in San Gimignano, Tuscany, central Italy, situated in the Piazza del Duomo at the town's heart. The church is famous for its fresco cycles which include works by Domenico Ghirlandaio, Benozzo Gozzoli, Taddeo di Bartolo, Lippo Memmi and Bartolo di Fredi. The basilica is located within the UNESCO World Heritage Site of the "Historic Centre of San Gimignano", with its frescos being described by UNESCO as "works of outstanding beauty".〔UNESCO: (Historic Centre of San Gimignano ), (accessed 05-09-2012)〕
==History==
The first church on the site was begun in the 10th century.〔 During the early 12th century the importance of San Gimignano, and its principal church, grew steadily, owing to the town's location on the pilgrimage route to Rome, the Via Francigena. The present church on this site was consecrated on 21 November 1148 and dedicated to St. Geminianus (San Gimignano) in the presence of Pope Eugenius III and 14 prelates.〔AA. VV., ''Medieval Churches of the Val d'Elsa'', ''op. cit.,'' p. 86〕 The event is commemorated in a plaque on the facade.〔 The power and authority of the city of San Gimignano continued to grow, until it was able to win autonomy from Volterra. The church owned land and enjoyed numerous privileges that were endorsed by papal bulls and decrees.〔''(San Gimignano )'' (accessed 02--9-2012)〕 It was elevated to collegiate status 20 September 1471.〔Emanuele Repetti, ''Gazetteer, physicist, historian of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, Florence, 1833-1846''.〕
During the 13th, 14th and 15th centuries, the church was enriched by the addition of frescos and sculpture.〔 The western end of the building (liturgical east) was altered and extended by Giuliano da Maiano between 1466 and 1468, with the work including vestries, the Chapel of Conception and the Chapel of St Fina.〔 The church was damaged during World War II, and during the subsequent restoration in 1951 the triapsidal eastern end of the earlier church was discovered lying beneath the nave of the present church.〔
The church possesses the relics of St. Geminianus, the beatified Bishop of Modena and patron saint of the town, whose feast day is celebrated on 31 January. On 8 May 1300 Dante Alighieri came to San Gimignano as the Ambassador of the Guelph League in Tuscany.〔(Cummune di San Gimignano ), (accessed 02-09-2012)〕 Girolamo Savonarola preached from the pulpit of this church in 1497.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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